Editing Jat people (section)

===Jat people kingdoms in Early modern Era===
==== Bharatpur ====
:{{main|Bharatpur}} & {{main|Maharaja Suraj Mal}}

[[Image:Maharaja Surajmal.jpg|thumb|right|[[Maharaja Suraj Mal]]]]
[[Image:Coat of arms of Bharatpur rulers.JPG|thumb|Coat of arms of Bharatpur rulers]]
In the disorder following Aurangzeb's death in 1707, Jat resistance resumed, organized under the leadership of [[Churaman]] (1695&ndash;1721). The Jat power under the leadership of [[Churaman]] took a big leap forward during the rule of the imbecile successor of Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb left behind a host of serious problems for his weak successors to deal with people highly agitated like Jat people. <ref>G.C.Dwivedi: The Jats, Their role in the Mughal Empire, Ed [[Dr Vir Singh]], 2003, p.55</ref> Churaman's nephew, [[Badan Singh]] (1722&ndash;1756), established a kingdom centered at [[Deeg]], from which he extended his rule over Agra and Mathura.    

[[Badan Singh]]'s eldest son and successor was [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] (1707&ndash;1763) . Suraj Mal, described as the "Jat Plato" and the "Jat Ulysses", extended his kingdom to include [[Agra]], [[Mathura]], [[Dholpur]], [[Mainpuri]], Hathras, [[Aligarh]], Etawah, [[Meerut]], [[Rohtak]], Farrukhnagar, Mewat, Rewari and [[Gurgaon]]. He was described as the greatest warrior and the ablest statesman that the Jatts had ever produced. The author of Siyar says,  Suraj Mal had in his stable twelve thousand horses, mounted by so many picked man, amongst whom on horseback and then wheeling round in order to load under shelter, and these men had by continual and daily practice become so expeditious and so dangerous marksmen, and withal so expert in their evolutions, that there were no troops in India and could pretend to face them in the field. Nor was it thought possible to wage war against such a prince with any prospect of advantage. <ref>Siyar IV, p. 28</ref><ref>K.R. Qanungo, History of the Jats, Ed. Dr Vir Singh, Delhi, 2003, p. 97</ref> 

Suraj Mal  moved the capital from [[Deeg]] to Bharatpur after 1733. [[Rustam]], a Jat king of the Sogariya clan, had laid the foundation of the modern city of Bharatpur. After him, control passed to his son, [[Khemkaran]] and then to  Suraj Mal. Khemkaran was a warrior. He was awarded with the title "[[Faujdar]]", which is still used by all Sogariyas. The beautiful palace and gardens at Deeg and the Bharatpur fort, both built by Suraj Mal, symbolised the coming of age of the Jat state. Suraj Mal died on 25 December, 1763. 

The chronology of [[Sinsinwar]] Jat clan rulers of Bharatpur is as under: 

*[[Gokula]] (? - 1670],
*[[Raja Ram]] (1670 - 1688),
*[[Churaman]] (1695 - 1721),
*[[Badan Singh]] (1722 - 1756), 
*[[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] (1756 - 1763), 
*[[Maharaja Jawahar Singh]] (1763 - 1768), 
*[[Maharaja Ratan Singh]] (1768 - 1769), 
*[[Maharaja Kehri Singh]] (1769 - 1771), 
*[[Maharaja Nawal Singh]] (1771 - 1776), 
*[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Bharatpur|Maharaja Ranjit Singh]] (1776 - 1805), 
*[[Maharaja Randhir Singh]] (1805 - 1823), 
*[[Maharaja Baldeo Singh]] (1823 - 1825), 
*[[Maharaja Balwant Singh]] (1825 - 1853), 
*[[Maharaja Jaswant Singh]] (1853 - 1893), 
*[[Maharaja Ram Singh]] (1893 - 1900) (Exiled), 
*[[Maharani Girraj Kaur]] (1900-1918) (regent), 
*[[Maharaja Kishan Singh]] (1900 - 1929), 
*[[Maharaja Brijendra Singh]] (1929-1947) (Joined the Indian Union)

During British Rule, the state covered an area of 5,123 sq.km. Its rulers enjoyed a salute of 17 guns. The state acceded unto the dominion of India in 1947. It was merged with three nearby princely states to form the 'Matsya Union', which in turn was merged with other adjoining territories to create the present-day state of Rajasthan.

==== [[Dholpur]](धोलपुर)====
The present town of Dholpur, which dates from the 16th century, stands somewhat to the north of the site of the older town built in the 11th century by Raja Dholan (or Dhawal) Deo, a Tomara Rajput chieftain; it was named as Dholdera or Dhawalpuri after him.	+	

In 1450, Dholpur had a Raja of its own. However, the fort was taken by Sikander Lodi in 1501 and transferred to a Muslim governor in 1504. In 1527, after strenuous resistance, the fort fell to Babur and came under the sway of the Mughals along with the surrounding country. It was assigned by Emperor [[Akbar]] to the province of Agra. A fortified ''sarai'' built during the reign of Akbar still stands in the town, within which is the fine tomb of Sadik Mohammed Khan, one of his generals.	

During the dissensions which followed the death of emperor Aurangzeb in 1707, Raja Kalyan Singh Bhadauria obtained possession of Dholpur. His family retained it until 1761, after which it was taken successively by the Jat [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]] of [[Bharatpur]]; by Mirza Najaf Khan in 1775; by the Scindia ruler of Gwalior in 1782; and finally, by the British East India Company in 1803. It was restored by the British to the Scindias under the "Treaty of Sarji Anjangaon", but in consequence of new arrangements, was again occupied by the British. Finally, in 1806, the territories of Dholpur, Ban and Rajakhera were handed over to Kirat Singh of Gohad, in exchange for his own state of Gohad, which was ceded to the Scindias.			

From this point begins the history of the princely state of Dholpur, a vassal of the British during the British Raj. After Independence, it was incorporated into the newly-formed state of [[Rajasthan]].

==== Kuchesar ====
{{main|Kuchesar}}

In the mid-eighteenth century the [[Dalal]] Jats of Mandoti, [[Haryana]], built the mud fort of [[Kuchesar]] in Uttar Pradesh.Mud fort of kuchesar famous for tourism now a days.
One line of this family moved to Mohiuddinpur (Meerut). The family still lives there

====Ballabhgarh====
{{main|Ballabhgarh}}

The founders of the princely state of [[Ballabhgarh]] were [[Tewatia]] Jats, who had come from village Janauli, which is more than 2000 years old. The [[Tewatia]] Jat Sardar Gopal Singh left Janauli (in [[Palwal]])in 1705 and got settled at Sihi, a village of Tewatia Jats in Ballabgarh at a distance of about 5 kms from Ballabhgarh. Charan Das's son, Balram Singh,  rose to be a powerful king in this dynasty. The Princely state of Ballabgarh was founded after his name. He accepted the patronage of [[Maharaja Suraj Mal]]. [[Raja Nahar Singh]] (1823&ndash;1858) was a notable King of this princely state. The forefathers of Jat Raja Nahar Singh had built a fort here around 1739 AD. The small kingdom of Ballabhgarh was only 20 miles from Delhi. The name of the Jat Raja Nahar Singh will always be highly regarded among those who  became martyrs by participating in the First War of Indian Independence.

====Patiala====
[[Image:Maharaja Bhupinder Singh.jpg|right|thumb|[[Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]] of Patiala]]
[[Image:Bhupinder Singh Patiala.jpg|right|thumb|[[Maharaja Bhupinder Singh]] of Patiala]]

{{main|Patiala}}

[[Patiala]] was a state of [[Siddhu]] Jatts ancestry in [[Punjab region|Punjab]].<ref>History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.</ref><ref>[http://www.allaboutsikhs.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=824 Historical Sikh Events: Phulkian Misl]</ref> Its area was 5932 sq. mile and annual income Rs 1,63,00,000/-. The rulers of the erstwhile states of Patiala, [[Nabha]] and [[Jind]] trace their ancestry to Jat sardar Phul of Siddhu ancestry.<ref>Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998 </ref> Apparently the appellation of dynasty "Phulkian" is derived from their common founder. One of sons of Phul, Ram Singh had son Ala Singh, who assumed the leadership in 1714 when Banda Bahadur was engaged in the fierce battle against the Mughals. Ala Singh carved out an independent principality from a petty Zamindari of 30 villages. Under his successors, it expanded into a large state, touching the Shivaliks in north, Rajasthan in the south and upper courses of the Yamuna and Sutlej rivers while confronting the most trying and challenging circumstances.

====Nabha====
{{main|Nabha}}

[[Nabha]] was a state of [[Siddhu]] Jats.<ref>History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.</ref> founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Annual income of Nabha state was Rs 1,50,000/-.<ref>Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998 </ref> Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: [[Patiala]], [[Jind]] and [[Nabha]]. Nabha was founded by the great-grandson of Phul in 1755.<ref>[http://www.uq.net.au/%7Ezzhsoszy/ips/n/nabha.html Genealogy of the ruling chiefs of Nabha]</ref>

====Jind====
{{main|Jind}}

[[Jind]] state in Haryana was founded by descendants of Phul Jatt of [[Siddhu]] ancestry.<ref>History of the Jatt Clans - Dr H.S Duleh.</ref> Jind was a state of [[Siddhu]] Jats founded by grandson of Chaudhary Phul Singh. Chaudhary Phul Singh had six sons namely, 1.Tiloka 2.Ram Singh 3.Rudh 4.Chunu 5. Jhandu and 6.Takhtmal. Tiloka had two sons namely, 1. Gurudutta 2. Sukh Chain. Sukh Chain's descendants ruled [[Jind]] state and Gurudatta's descendants ruled [[Nabha]] state.Area of the state was 1259 sq mile and annual income of Jind state was Rs 30,00,000/-.<ref>Dr Mahendra Singh Arya, Dharmpal Singh Dudi, Kishan Singh Faujdar & Vijendra Singh Narwar: Ādhunik Jat Itihasa (The modern history of Jats), Agra 1998 </ref> According to another version stating descent from Jaisal, founder of the State of Jaisalmer in 1156, the founder of this Sikh dynasty, Phul, was Chaudhri (Governor) of a country located at the south east of Dihli. Phul’s descendants founded 3 States: Patiala, Jind and Nabha. 

By the nineteenth century, Jats ruled the states of Bharatpur, [[Dholpur]], [[Gohad]], [[Kuchesar]], [[Ballabhgarh]], [[Patiala]], [[Nabha]] and [[Jind]]. The Jats established a reputation of being determined and sturdy.

==== [[Faridkot]] (फरीदकोट) ====		
'''[[Faridkot]]''' state was founded by Jat Sikh of [[Barar]] gotra during Akbar's rule. Area of the state was 643 sq mile and annual income was Rs 18,00,000/-. Their ancestor was Rao Khewa.

==== Mursan====

[[Mursan]] state of [[Thenua]] Jats was located in the Hathras (Mahamaya Nagar) district in [[Uttar Pradesh]]. The most well-known ruler of this estate was the [[Jat]] nobleman, [[Raja Mahendra Pratap]] (1886&ndash;1979), who was popularly known as Aryan Peshwa. The third son of Raja Ghansyam Singh, he was adopted by Raja Harnarayan Singh of Hathras.

Mahendra Pratap married a lady from a Jat Sikh family based in the princely state of [[Jind]] in [[Haryana]].

====[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)]]====
[[Image:Ranjit Singh, ca 1835-1840.jpg|thumb|Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)]]
[[Maharaja Ranjit Singh (Punjab)]] (1780&ndash;1839) was from [[Sandhawalia]]<ref>History of the Jatt Clans - H.S Duleh ''(Translation from original Punjabi work "Jattan da Itihas" by Gurjant Singh).''</ref> Jat clan of Punjab and became the Sikh emperor of the sovereign country of [[Punjab region|Punjab]] and the Sikh Empire. Ranjit Singh's father Maha Singh was the commander of the Sukerchakia misl and controlled a territory in west Punjab based around his headquarters at Gujranwala. 

Ranjit Singh succeeded his father at the young age of 12. After several campaigns, his rivals accepted him as their leader, and he united the Sikh factions into one state. He conquered vast tracts of territory on all sides of his kingdom. From the capture of [[Lahore]] in 1799, he rapidly annexed the rest of the Punjab and became undisputed ruler of northern India and the land of the five rivers. And even then, to secure his empire, he invaded [[Afghanistan]], and severely defeated the Pathan militias and tribes. Ranjit Singh took the title of Maharaja on April 12 1801 (to coincide with Baisakhi day). Lahore served as his capital from 1799. In 1802 he took the city of [[Amritsar]]. In the year 1802, Ranjit Singh successfully invaded [[Kashmir]].

==== Other states ====
[[Image:14th Murray's Jat Lancers (Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862-1919).jpg|right|thumb|[[14th Murray's Jat Lancers]] ''(Risaldar Major) by AC Lovett (1862-1919)'']]

*[[Saidpur]] ([[Bulandshahar]])[British sources of 1857 Revolt]
*Peshawa (now in [[Aligarh]])[Now a Days Royal family live in this fort,famous in world for exporting hourse]
*Nanda Devi in [[Garhwal]] Nandraj Jat built temple of Nanda Devi. Jat of Garhwal called as Nanda jats
*Dungarpur of [[Rajasthan]] - it was jat state in ancient times
*Firozabad, UP - in 1739, Jats of Mahavan attacked on Firozabad and killed the faujdar of Firozabad then ruled over it more than 30 years.
*[[Alwar]] - In the age of Maharaja Surajmal, Jawahar singh (son of Maharaja) won the fort of Alwar for a brief period.
*[[Gwalior]] - Jat rulers [[Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana]] (1707-1756) and [[Chhatar Singh|Maharaja Chhatar Singh Rana]] (1757-1782) occupied the Gwalior fort thrice, Maharaja Bhim Singh Rana from 1740 to 1756, and Maharaja Chhatra Singh Rana twice from 1761 to 1767 and 1780 to 1783. During this period they constructed historical monuments in the Gwalior Fort 
*[[Agra]]- Many years Jats ruled Agra. After a seize of one month Maharaja Suraj Mal captured Agra Fort on 12 June 1761 and it remained in the possession of Bharatpur rulers till 1774. <ref>Dr. Prakash Chandra Chandawat: Maharaja Suraj Mal aur unka yug, Jaypal Agencies Agra, 1982, Pages 197-200</ref> After Maharaja Suraj Mal, [[Maharaja Jawahar Singh]], [[Maharaja Ratan Singh]] and [[Maharaja Kehri Singh]] (minor) under resident ship of [[Maharaja Nawal Singh]] ruled over Agra Fort. There is a haveli in the name Maharaja Nawal Singh in Agra Fort and also a Chhatri of [[Maharaja Jawahar Singh]] built in right side of Khasmahal near the Chhatri of Rosanara-Jahanara.<ref>Agra Gazeteer 1884, page 620</ref>,<ref>Jatbandhu Agra, [[25 January]] [[2005]]</ref>